| Helen Fabela Chávez | |
|---|---|
| Born | Helen Fabela January 21, 1928 Brawley, California |
| Nationality | Chicana American |
| Occupation | Mother, UFW administrator |
| Known for | Contributions to the labor activist movement of the UFW |
| Spouse | César Chavez (1948 to 1993) |
| Children | 8 |
Helen Fabela Chávez (born 1928) was a labor activist for the United Farm Workers of America (UFWA). Aside from her affiliation with the UFW, she was a first generation Chicana with "a traditional upbringing and limited education".[1]
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Helen Fabela was born on January 21, 1928, in Brawley, California. She was a first generation Mexican-American. Her mother was from Sombrete, Mexico, and her father from San Jacinto, Mexico. Both her parents immigrated to the USA separately after the Mexican Revolution, and eventually married in Los Angeles, California, in 1923.[2] Both worked as migrant laborers, first in the Imperial Valley and later in the San Joaquín Valley and thus exposed her to the hardships of labor at an early age. She began working in the fields herself at age seven. After her father's death, when Helen was fifteen, she quit high school to support her family; consisting of her mother, two sisters, and four brothers of whom she was the eldest.[3] She worked in a grocery store and eventually made her way to working in the fields and vineyards full time.[2]
Helen met César Chavez in 1942 while she was still a student in Delano High School in California.[3] Soon after the Cesar's WW II service ended in 1945, he began spending more time with Helen. They dated "inexpensively- a walk in the moonlight or perhaps a movie" [4] The couple was wed in a civil ceremony on October 22, 1948, in Reno, Nevada. At the time Helen was 19 years old. [3] "Then the two returned to San Jose, California for a church wedding"[4] They retreated to a two week honeymoon before settling in to their new lives together. Helen was twenty years old at the time of their union and though she was trying to start her own family she remained the main source of income for her siblings and parents. The newlyweds settled permanently in Delano, California. By 1959, the two became a family of ten with the total addition of eight children (Fernando, Sylvia, Linda, Eloise, Liz, Paul, Anna, and Anthony) and a later total of 31 grandchildren! To this day Helen remembers the favorite meals of all her grandchildren and never misses a birthday. [3]
Due to her father's involvement in the Mexican Revolution she was influenced from a young age to be involved in political activism.[3] Helen Chávez held the more 'traditional'role usually reserved for women. The traditional model for union organizing for women included the ability to "juggle the competing demands of family life, sexual division of labor, and protest in a unique blend of union activism".[2] All too familiar with working in the field, both Helen and César became involved in labor organizing. By networking with their local catholic priest, César's name was passed to Fred Ross, an organizer of the Community Service Organization (CSO). César initially refused to work with Ross due to his Anglo background, but Helen persuaded César to eventually became a full-time CSO organizer, he later would become National Director in 1958.
Due to her emphasis on home life as both a mother and a wife the majority of credit for the labor movement went to her husband. Unlike female labor activists of the time, such as Dolores Huerta, Helen's activities were considered "essentially auxiliary; she helped in the office, mimeographing fliers or sorting the mail, but usually worked at home after her domestic chores were done and the children were asleep".[2] Helen's involvement in CSO activities is often overshadowed by her husband's political involvement, although, "the voluntarism of Helen Chávez and other women behind the scenes made the CSO one of the most successful associations for Mexican Americans in California during that time".[2] Not only caring for and raising her eight children, she also worked tirelessly ten hours a day supporting her family. Between family and work, she dedicated all of her spare time to assisting with CSO business. She was involved herself in the movement in other ways such as teaching literacy classes for migrant workers during voting drives, and later assisting them in gaining US citizenship. She was also in charge of handwriting the CSO daily reports that her husband dictated (CSO).
César resigned from the CSO in 1962 to start the Farm Workers Association, later known as the National Farm Workers Association, thus moving the family back to Delano. While César was building the new union, Helen picked up a job working on a field picking grapes for under $2.00 per hour. The NFWA soon voted her to a full-time position as an administrator of the credit union; a position she was not keen to take due her lack of skills. She quickly learned book keeping and was a flawless financial record keeper for the association for more than twenty years.[2]
In 1965, the NFWA merged with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) to become the United Farm Workers Organization Committee (UFWOC). Their efforts became known as La Causa (the Cause). Using nonviolent alternatives for change such as protests, strikes, boycotts, pickets, fasts, and marches the UFWOC fought for fair labor practices. Helen Chávez was involved in the demand for union recognition during all demonstrations and was arrested in 1966 for shouting Huelga! ("Strike!") at the W. B. Camp ranch.
Helen Chávez mostly maintained the traditional role of a woman involved in such movements by assisting in the administrative parts of the process and by staying out of the public eye. Her most public moments were her "four arrests, two of which were widely reported" and although her "acts of civil disobedience have been few, her example has encouraged other Mexicanas and Chicanas to undergo arrest" for the sake of the greater good.[2] Chávez challenged the role of women in the activist movement and provided a template for other Hispanic women who eventually join the union efforts.
Chávez's personal experience of the hardships of working the fields made her an invaluable part of the spirit of the movement. Her involvement and passion for the cause became a huge motivator for other Latinos to join the union efforts. In 1974, news of her efforts spread as far as Europe. It was in 1994, a year after César's death, Helen accepted the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in César's honor. Due to the existing sexual division of labor in the union and in society, few women are able or willing to relegate their personal lives or families to a secondary position in order to pursue union organizing. Helen Chávez still remains invisible - unrecognized and unappreciated by union members and supporters.
In 2008 she was awarded Latina of the Year by the National Latino Peace Officers Association of Los Angeles Chapter.[5]